Corso di laurea in Fisioterapia

At the end of the course the students must know the importance and the basics of clinical management of the case from diagnosis to prognosis, with particular reference and deepening of the evaluation and rehabilitative aspects.

At the end of the course, students must be able to describe, analyze and synthesize in their specific professional:

• Generalities and definitions. Team and rehabilitation facilities.
• The rehabilitative setting; the design of the context and the rehabilitation exercise in its fundamental principles.
• The choice of the technical approach to rehabilitation treatment
• The tools for the evaluation and programming of the rehabilitation-physiotherapy intervention.
• The bases of the scientific method in rehabilitation and of the epistemology of rehabilitation
• The main methodological approaches to rehabilitation and physiotherapy.
• The neurophysiological and neurological foundations underlying the main rehabilitation techniques.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

At the end of the course the student will have to:

• Knowledge of processes and communication and relationship, of effective techniques, improvement of coping skills in compliance with treatment, in assertive communication.
• Being able to recognize the elements of the pathological movement
• Know the main rehabilitation methods

PSYCHOLOGY

 Introduction:

• psychology scientific discipline and characteristics
• conceptual revolutions and experimental method

 Brief history of Psychology

• Functionalism, Behaviorism, Gestalt, Psychoanalysis, Cognitivism
• current multidisciplinary approaches: convergence of disciplines, approaches and perspectives

 Cognitive functions:

• cognitive processes (intelligence and thought) and reference theories (Piaget, Gardner)
• perception, attention and memory (definition and type)
• thinking: definition, activity, problem solving and cognitive development
• cognitive development: Piaget (stadial theory) and Vygotsky)
• executive functions

Emotions:

• general aspects, definition and type
• emotional experience and communication
• stress / emotions and trauma

Stress and emotions in the traumatized patient:

• stress reactions to traumatic events: physical, emotional, interpersonal and cognitive outcomes relevant to the clinical and rehabilitative course
• risk factors in the clinical course, in compliance with the medical-surgical-rehabilitative treatment. Team relational aspects
• patient's perception and experience of trauma, reimplantation or amputation
• psycho-emotional aspects in pain management
• algic symptomatology monitoring
• multidisciplinary management: the resources of the patient and of the family nucleus
• coping strategies, problem solving, re-elaboration and adherence to the treatment from the acute phase to the rehabilitation phase

 Communication:

• aspects of general psychology
• the factors of the communication process
• levels of communication: content, relationship, feedback
• type of communication
• verbal communication
• paraverbale communication
• non-verbal communication
• the dynamics of communication
• communication functions and communication flows

 Therapeutic relationship:

• general factors relationship
• characterizing elements: psychological structure, objective relationship, scope and setting
• factors that influence the relationship process: environment, state, behavior
• type of relationship: power relationship, therapeutically nil and supportive
• the supportive relationship: basic elements and phases
• the relationship process: qualifying elements and specific purposes

 Physiotherapist-patient-team relationship:

• general aspects of the relationship with the patient
• direct and indirect dialogue
• effective general technical aspects
• specific factors that influence the relationship process in the traumatized patient
• the team relationship

Effective reporting techniques:

• verbal communication
• non-verbal communication and meta-communication
• feedback and feedback
• assertive communication

 Assertive Communication and Assertive Training

• general assertiveness aspects
• assertive behavior: objectives, methods and contents
• elements of passive, aggressive, aggressive-passive, passive-aggressive and manipulative behavior
• dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive restructuring
• self esteem
• assertive training: general theoretical aspects
• Objectives and phases
• ABC technique
• assertiveness strategies and techniques

PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE II

GENERALITY

• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Rehabilitation
• Rehabilitation team
• Duties of the specialized branch
• Model of Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine
• Impairment, disability, handicap
• Medical Rehabilitation and Social Rehabilitation
• Compensation
• Orthoses, Prosthetics, Assistive products
• Sign analysis
• Main signs
• Prerequisites for recovery of motor function
• Objectives of the rehabilitation intervention
• Rehabilitation methodology
• Chinesitherathematical Objectives
• Active and passive kinesitherapy: classification
• Passive kinesitherapy
• Postural alignment
• Active kinesitherapy
• Occupational therapy
• Functional re-education

 BASES FOR THERAPY IN REHABILITATION

• Unitary Conception
• Therapeutic goal - Mode
• Prognosis - Healing
• Therapeutic modalities in rehabilitation
• Muscle function
• physiotherapy
• Analytical movement. Isotonic contraction. Isometric contraction. Intermittent isometric contraction. Plyometric and auxotonic contraction. Isokinetic contraction.
• Global movement. The work of muscle chains. Kinetic chain open and closed. Proprioceptive re-education.
• Contracture - Muscle retraction
• Tone - Spasticity
• Facilitation of muscle relaxation
• Recovery of the amplitude of movements. Joint limitation. Ankylosis. Causes
• Active analytical mobilizations for joint recovery - Types - Rules
• Passive mobilizations for the recovery of joint width - Purposes - Tools - Attentions - Risks
• Self-driving mobility
• Main contraindications to passive mobilization
• Forced passive mobilization - Risks - Attention to patients with flaccidity
• Bone fragility - Rules - Cautious
• Recovery of muscle extensibility. Causes. Precautions. Instruments.

 MUSCLE STRENGTH

• definitions
• Instruments for evaluating strength and volume
• Muscle components - Spatial and temporal summation - Actin and myosin
• Relationship between strength and muscular volume
• Types of muscle fibers
• Factors that influence the strength of a muscle. Type of contraction. Speed. Length. Motivation.
• Causes of decreased muscle strength.
• Mechanisms that allow the increase in strength of a muscle
• Techniques for the re-education of the force. Critical of the resistance. Static and dynamic exercises. Maximal isometric training. Subtotal isotonic training. Resistance used. Analytical and global exercises.
• Muscle electrostimulation
• Increased intensity of maximal strength. Rules. Instruments.
• Choice of the type of the exercise
• Indications for muscle strengthening
• Contraindications to muscle strengthening
• Increased strength resistance

IMMOBILIZATION SYNDROME

Effects of clinostatism

• Atrophy of antigravity muscles
• Bone demineralization
• Increased thickness of intervertebral discs
• Reduction of venous volume declivity

Effects of immobilization

• Atrophy not used
• Muscle stiffness
• Tendon, ligament, aponeurotic retractions

Orthomorphic postures

Bedsores

Compression of peripheral nerves

Cardio-vascular complications

Turbbles of the body scheme

Visceral stasis

Psychological consequences

Improving the ability to perform the steps and movements in space

Improvement of the ability to maintain anti-gravity positions

PHYSIOTHERAPIC SCIENCES III

• observation as a complex act;
• neuroscience of physiological motor activity
• analysis of physiological postures and postural passages: trunk control and balance
• introduction to the main functional systems: the path and the grip / manipulation
• the evaluation of the pathology: observing the differences between physiological and pathological motor acts and the construction of clinical reasoning
• introduction to rehabilitation measurement scales
• tools to rehabilitate: introduction to basic and specific techniques
• introduction to Problem Based Learning (PBL)

Traditional lessons in a classroom (total amount of 60 hours - 24 hours of physical and rehabilitative medicine II, 24 of physiotherapy II and 12 of elements of general psychology).

For each training activity indicated, a conclusive and certification assessment is required at the end of the period in which the activity took place. For the modules divided into modules the final evaluation of the profit is unitary and collegial. By passing the exam or the exam, the student obtains the credits assigned to the training activity in question.

The exam will consist of three written tests with open questions (in order to better express the learning) or multiple choice and exercises.

The final evaluation expressed in thirtieths will be the result of the weighted average based on the credits of the three modules.

• "Therapeutic communication: nurse-patient interaction" Author: Roberto MARCHI
• M. Clarkson - Chinese Evaluation - EDI-ERMES
• D. Bonaiuti - Measurement scales in rehabilitation - SEU
• Tidy's - Fisioterpia Manual - EDI-ERMES
• L. Mandolesi - Neurosciences of motor activity - SPRINGER
• M.V. Wonder - Complexity of movement - FrancoAngeli